The U.S. Supreme Court's 2022 decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization overturned Roe v. Wade, eliminating the federal constitutional right to abortion. As a result, abortion laws are now set at the state level, leading to a patchwork of access where some states have near-total bans and others protect the right. The debate centers on whether a national law should restore or prohibit abortion access uniformly across the country, balancing women’s bodily autonomy with moral, religious, and legal arguments about the beginning of life.